Design and Art

Design was born from art which have been revolution thought modernity and take more concern about society’s perspective. Art became promising occupation in order to gain money had been known for a long time before, a lot great artist had made artwork base on order even Donatello, one of famous artist in high renaissances ever not finish his statue due to lack of financial payment that he got at that time. So, from a long time ago valuable of art had been measure with money not much different with what happen in society right now. Variety of art had been made up to satisfied human desire which continue to develop. How people seeing art has already change from a strict and tight requirement for some of work to be consider of art, people come to the era when people no longer argue about what is art but more concern about when we think it is art than it became art.
The form of design actually had been there for such long time ago, if people recall again in renaissance a lot of artist for example Raphael he was not only painter but also architect and as people know architect is one of design. Thus, people can conclude that design is not a new thing in society. Design and art have same basic characteristic which is both of it consider aesthetics value in order to produce some thing. The balance, composition, texture etc combine together to show a beautiful image before human eyes, that component had always been owned by design and art.
The different between them are their perspective about their viewer cause by the difference of purpose that they have. In art, it does not care about what will viewer things, art could be considered as history marker or even represent what people feel at some certain time but in the end the base of art originally coming from the artist it self. Design sees the viewer in different way and they try to be placed in viewer expectation. Artist personal opinion is no longer became base, their opinion more be placed to please everybody. Design have advantage but not for art1.
If it come to art then viewer need to do their best to be able to understand the secret meaning behind that artwork, art seem like code only people who willing to decode it will know what the artist tries to hide behind that beautiful image. It makes people have different interpretation toward art because art seems like asking about viewer opinion and not put blame any of that opinion. In other hand design need to clearly state what the meaning behind every colour or shape that present in design work, watch a design almost the same like reading a novel. The story has been stated clearly in that piece of work. That is why people will always get same interpretation about design since that was the purpose from design. Base on that design is a good choice for advertisements.

Reference:
1=Brady, Michael. 1998. ” Art and Design: What’s the Big Difference?.” (accessed December 18th, 2013). Retrieved from http://www.unc.edu/~jbrady/Essays/Art_Design.html
2009. “The Difference Between Art and Design”. (accessed December 18th, 2013). Retrieved from http://www.webdesignerdepot.com/2009/09/the-difference-between-art-and-design/
picture taken from http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Museum_of_Applied_Art_of_Budapest.JPG (accessed December 18th, 2013).

Blade Runner

This movie was made on 1982 directed by Ridley Scott1. The story started when replicants hijack an aero ship in the space, a replicant man kill a staff who interview him to test whether he is human or replicant. Fortunately that action has been recorded by a hidden camera, from that point government ask Deckard to find and kill four replicants who go to earth to find their maker. In order to finish his job, Deckard goes to the replicant’s maker and test a woman named Rachel who happen to be replicant. It is difficult to guess whether she is replicant or not because the maker has put his niece memory in Rachel brain so that she appear more like human being in emotion.
Deckard do his investigation secretly and thoughfully, he found a fake reptile scale an old picture which shows a woman in mirror’s reflection. After do his research he found out that the fake reptile scale was owned by a famous woman dancer named Zhora one of the four replicant. Then, he goes to her job place and tries to kill her. Despite of woman with beautiful face, she has tremendous power that makes her difficult to kill. When she meet Deckard, she aware that her life is in dangerous so that she run away even though she just recently take a bath and has not use appropriate cloth yet. Deckard follows her and fire a gun toward her, then she die.
In another place, Roy and Leon successfully found one of their maker Chew who happen to work in lab which have temperature like ice. However, Chew only design their eyes and can not do more than that. They press him so that he tell them the one who is their maker, since Chew does not know in order to save his own life he shout Sebastion who is the one who make their brain.
Leon heard about what happen to Zhora so he goes to find Deckard to get revange. Leon was a strong replicant man and easily he able to mess Deckard. When Deckard was going to die, Rachel shoots Leon in his head and bring him a death. Rachel is replicant who believe that she is human. Deckard own her his life, so as a return he will not attack and kill her but he does not promise that the other blade runner may be will send to kill her.
Sebastian meets Pris who happen to be one of dangerous woman replicant. He treats her kindly and let her stay in his room. When Roy came to give information that Zhora and Leon have been died, Sebastian knows that they are replicant and still treat them kindly. Pris and Roy ask his help to make them able to meet Tyrell who is their real maker. After Roy meet Tyrell and ask something to him which is long live, because of Tyrell can not grand it Roy kill him and latter kill Sebastian.
Roy was going back at Sebastian house and found out that Pris had been killed by Deckard. He was angry and going to kill him, Roy broke Deckard’s two fingers however Roy save Deckard when he going to fall from roof and not long time after that Roy is died. This movie is made in post-modern style, which is put existing figure became one new artwork.

Reference:
1= Accessed December 17th, 2013, http://www.fandango.com/underthetree_v468543/plotsummary
picture taken from http://www.cvltnation.com/cult-classic-blade-runner-now-showing/ (accessed on December 18th, 2013)

Under The Tree

When foreign people being ask, whether they know Indonesia or Bali, then they will recognize Bali easily even though it just island compare to the Indonesia as a country. Bali is being well known because of the solidity of the culture that their residence have. Despite of globalization and a lot of tourist came to there but people in Bali still are able to hold their culture and that became the selling point of that island. One of Indonesian artists Garin Nugroho tries to carve this beautiful culture in modern art that have been develops which is movie.1 The story of this movie involves around three women who have the same problem about human relationship that related with bloodline. Those three women are Maharani, Dewi and Nian.
Maharani is a girl who have adopted parent and want to find her real mother, the clue that she have is her necklace which contain her placenta when she was born. Then, she got herself go to Bali and enter dancer district because there was paranormal who tell her that her mother was dancer and in order to get close to her she must go to dancer district. She got warm welcoming party from residence in that district and even there is one man who has eyes to her. He recalls his mother memory whenever he watches Maharani because his mother not allows him to love her, same like what Maharani do. However, because of sympathy Maharani let him put the dancer costume for her. At first Maharani seems like hate to be dancer but later on she goes deeply into it until she got problem with policeman who thinks that she include in human trafficking crime who keep pregnant women and then sell their new born baby.
The next women is Dewi, she was pregnant woman who has problem with her baby. Her doctor said that the unborn baby health is in trouble, he will born then die shortly after it because the baby do not have skull. So, her doctor gives Dewi two possible choices which are get abortion or giving birth to the children but Dewi still will see her children die as well. She does not strong enough to let her husband know about it, the one who know about this only Dewi, her mother and her doctor. She wants to give birth to her child so badly, so this is the problem she has.
The last women is Nian, she is an entertainment who her father get into corruption crime, because of that she stress and go to Bali to compose herself. In Bali she meet great artist and also culture ceremony leader, she want him to be her father. She copied everything that he do, have nice chat with him and he told her that people around him thinks that he already died except Nian. She even follows him anywhere he goes except to the last ceremony who make him died.
The story is so complicated, it is hard to follow the scenario, and grip the meaning from the last minute of the movie. However, the solid culture that Garin Nugroho tries to tell people are shown very well and balance management.
Reference:
1= Jason Buchanan, Rovi ,accessed December 13th, 2013, http://www.fandango.com/underthetree_v468543/plotsummary
picture taken from Mubi.com, accessed December 18th, 2013

Indonesian Artwork

Head of ISI Denpasar, Prof. Dr. I Wayan Rai S.,MA “Watch I Gusti Ngurah Gede Pemecutan artwork seems like people watch arrangement from long creative process that able to create artwork which has strong personality. Aside from his struggle to innovated and hold his own style, his strong personality can be seen in his effort to establish museum, give training in art, writing etc” (Herman Aga, 2011).
Some of people especially Indonesian art’s fans club will know who is I Gusti Ngurah Gede Pemecutan, he is a Bali painter and his dedication in Indonesian art world is a real thing. He establish a Museum Sidik Jari and officially authenticate on July, 4th 1993 because of his persevering for art world, Indonesia give reward through MURI award as “Pelopor Teknik Melukis dengan Sidik Jari dan Kolektor Sidik Jari Terbanyak” in English as “Forerunner painting technique use finger print and collector of finger print in great quantities”.
The art style that he use is actually pointillism, almost people know about pointillism but there is something that make this painting look so different than the other pointillism painting, usually painter will likely to use brush as the medium but in his case, he prefer use finger prints as a tool than use brush like other painter. Thus, this different make his artwork stand up and being admired by a lot of people.
Balinese is being well known because of their strong ability to keep their culture life regardless the globalization that enters to their environment. This valuable culture gives influence to the way they present the art. Even though I Gusti Ngurah Gede Pemecutan is national painter but he still keeps on his formidable environment value. Artwork in Indonesia get a lot of influence by other element in Indonesia social art, the elements that involve in Indonesian artwork are culture value, history, the moment that happen around the painting being made of and law in this country.
One of the best paintings that I Gusti Ngurah Gede Pemecutan made is “Perang Puputan Badung” in English is “Puputan Badung’s War”. This war happened long time before he born, so he want to recall the history time around that war. In his painting he tell people that Puputan’s War which placed in Badung Bali was a war between Pamucutan’s knights against Dutch army, in this war Pamucutan’s knight was under the order of the Pamacutan’s King. This war was engulfing a lot of victim from Pamucutan side and all of them are dying except two babies are the only one who safe and sound. Actually this painting tells to the people about the story of his father, Anak Agung Gede Lanang Pemecutan as one of the safe baby and later he became the heir of Pamacutan.
To sum up, artwork in Indonesia has been develop to be more globalization because of world life connection had been provided for everyone in a country, but globalization is not make artist in Indonesia lose their own culture because Indonesia culture bring the different sense in their artwork.
Reference:
“Museum Lukisan Sidik Jari, Jejak Karya Ngurah Gede Pemecutan” accessed November, 30th ,2013, http://www.indonesiakaya.com/kanal/detail/museum-lukisan-sidik-jari-jejak-karya-ngurah-gede-pemecutan
“Pameran tunggal lukisan Sidik Jari karya I Gusti Ngurah Gede Pemecutan” published: July 1, 2012, accessed November, 30th, 2013, http://www.journalbali.com/news_1/pameran-tunggal-lukisan-sidik-jari-karya-i-gusti-ngurah-gede-pemecutan.html

Photographer

Human ability to develop camera have go through history, in the past photography was not considered as art because at that time to be considered as art there were some requirement, such as original. Since, photography is not creating image so that the genuine of photography was being question. Later on in the post-modern era will thing about art was different, before people tend to think that art must be following several steps then it will recognize as art but in post-modern when people think it is art then it is art, just as simple as that. The same like paint there are several type of photography, it depend to the ways of photographer capture the object and their preference. There three photographer out of all who bring photography until this point. They are August Sander, Alexander Mikhailovich Rodchenko and Walker Evans.
August Sander was German photographer, he was born on November 17 1876 Herdorf, Rhine Province and died on April 20, 1964 when he was eighty seven years old. He was not rich people’s son, he worked as photographer’s assistant and learn how to photograph since then (Wikipedia). He published the book full of his photograph under the title “The Face of The Time”. That book full of people portrait in that time, there are not much expression in the model’s face. Somehow, they also look so stiff and the model condition seems little bit unnatural, it look like before the picture taken, they rearrange the atmosphere and environment. For this kind of preference he became one of important history photographer since he took human documentary. He got the culture prize of the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Photographie in 1964 (Reinhold Misselbeck, 2009).
Then, Alexander Mikhailovich Rodchenko was born on November 23 (December 5), 1891 at St.Petersburg, Russia and he died on December 3, 1956, Moscow Russia (Encyclopaedia Britannica). He was a painter, designer and photographer. He was a person who gives influence in Constructivism movement. Constructivism was a style of art that develop in Russia; it absorbs and mixes the idea of Cubism, Suprematism and Futurism. As a great artist he held an exhibition under the title, “Exhibition of Works by Rodchenko” on 1910-1917.
Next photographer was Walker Evans, he was born on November 3, 1903 and died on April 10, 1975. He was well known American photographer for his work that show the great depression (Wikipedia). His photography work was so clear and focuses, he documented the moment when federal government made an attempt to develop society life in village, and it was around the great depression time.
To sum up, in the past people try to document moment that happen in that time use paint, dramatic movement style develop in Baroque art and that was the beginning of painting used as documentary. Since the price of painting was so expensive so the camera begin to develop, at first the price of photography was high since it use expensive and rare material then the price gradually decreasing so photography had been use as documentation.

Reference:
Brian Boucher, “Art Basel in Hong Kong Sells East and West“, Art in America, May 29, 2013, accessed November 27, 2013, http://www.artinamericamagazine.com/news-features/news/art-basel-in-hong-kong-sells-east-and-west/
Reinhold Misselbeck “August Sander (German, 1876–1964)”, The collection,2009, accessed November 28, 2013, http://www.moma.org/collection/artist.php?artist_id=5145
“Unique Uniformity: Fréger and Fashion “, The Mere Alchemist, December 20, 2011, accessed November 28, 2013, http://themerealchemist.blogspot.com/2011/12/unique-uniformity-freger-and-fashion.html
“Walker Evans”, accessed November 28, 2013, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walker_Evans
“Walker Evans (1903–1975)”, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, accessed November 28, 2013, http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/evan/hd_evan.htm
Kathrynvanskiver, “Biography”, November 26, 2009, accessed November 28, 2013, http://aleksandrodchenko.wordpress.com/
“Aleksandr Mikhailovich Rodchenko”, accessed November 28, 2013, http://global.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/506524/Aleksandr-Mikhailovich-Rodchenko
“The Art Story.org”, accessed November 28, 2013, http://www.theartstory.org/movement-constructivism.htm
“August Sander”, accessed November 28, 2013, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/August_Sander

Japanese Apricot 3 – A pink dream

Billy Tang said “Everyone is saying that the presence of Asian galleries feels much more on an equal footing with our Western counterparts,” this is what he said to A.i.A at art exhibition that been held in Hong Kong, China at May 2013 seven months ago (Brian Boucher, 2013). Asian Art had been developing far away before but being well known in the world was between two world wars. The science and technology development were able to help the spread of information, Asian artist being able to learn the knowledge about post-modern art from America and Europe.
Ai Wei Wei is one of International artist from Chinese, he care for art movement in his country bring a lot of inspiration for other people. The style of his artwork is postmodern which he able to present his freedom in artwork and his artwork have been recognize by international world. International exhibition such as Biennale, Triennial, Asia Pacific etc are event that make Asian art being acknowledge. This is one of the Asian paint with a title “Japanese Apricot 3 – A pink dream”.

“Japanese Apricot 3 – A pink dream” was a paint that made by Chiho Aoshima at 2007 with its size is 1418 x 1700 mm (Chiho Aoshima, 2007). The size of 1418 x 1700 mm is quite huge for a painting made by female Japanese artist; before in the middle century in Renaissance and so on, people are familiar with Leonardo, Bernini etc but never hear a girl as painter. Human movement is not only giving a result in education and knowledge, but also able to break down custom social role. When people compare this paint “Japanese Apricot 3 – A pink dream” with the other art work some how people are able to tell the different in it, people may not know why is it different but they aware that the atmosphere is different.
People able to breath the sweet fragrant from this beautiful painting, from this sweet fragrant, people able to rub a tender mist that lead to feminism gesture. Feminism gesture is a symbol of behave, gentle, beautiful and woman. This soft feeling being carve in people emotion because of the pink as dominant colour in this picture, degradation of colour taken from diversity of pink, bring floating harmony start from white (calm) goes to white with vivid pink (gentle) until bright pink (cheerful emotion).
Almost people recognize pink as colour that represent a women, not only pink that being recognize as the symbol of woman but also flowers since flower show its beautiful and fame. Cherry blossoms are beautiful flower which have a lot of variant colour but one tree will represent one colour so there are no mix colour in cheery blossoms. The centre of this painting is in the cheery blossom tree, and it is the symbol of Japan, it has deep meaning inside it. These flowers tell a human life story, people live happily in this world but it only a short time once their role is finish, the death come. Try to make connection from the meaning and the paint, people will aware there are contrast view between the tree that hanging a lot of pretty naked girl with beneath the tree inside the ground there are a lot of corpse.
Reference:
Brian Boucher, “Art Basel in Hong Kong Sells East and West“, Art in America, May 29, 2013, accessed November 27, 2013, http://www.artinamericamagazine.com/news-features/news/art-basel-in-hong-kong-sells-east-and-west/
“Chiho Aoshima”, 2007, accessed November 27, 2013, http://english.kaikaikiki.co.jp/artworks/eachwork/japanese_apricot_3_a_pink_dream1/
Ikhwanul Khairi , “Arti Bunga Sakura Bagi Masyarakat Jepang”, January 15, 2010, accessed November 27, 2013, http://ikhwanpcr.blogspot.com/2010/01/arti-bunga-sakura-bagi-masyarakat.html

Photography

The left portrait by Julia Margaret Cameron,1867 and the right portrait by Gertrude Kasebier,1901. (1)

From the very early of human life have been develop the knowledge about photography, and it was continuing until to day. The day when almost everyone able to capture every moment in blind of an eye regardless the photographer is professional person or just amateur, since the modern camera able to do most work like what people want it. However, to stand in this state photography had pass centuries of chronicle, obstacle, and test from all of aspect in social life.
The idea of photography was started when Aristoteles thrown a question, he wondered about the image of the sun which goes through the square hold, it wills more acceptable if the sun gave a square image but in reality the image was circular. Then, centuries after that Alhazen found out about camera obscura, later in North Renaissance era camera obscura was being very useful in development of art.
People keen to have more human image in paint than before but human only have one point of view, it was to difficult to see everything to get the perfect result. In order to handle such a problem, painter begin to relied on pinhole (camera obscura), used this camera it will the painter to sketch the paint. They made a dark room which not even a fine line of light able to go through, after that the painters made hole used pin, that was why it was called as pinhole(2). The light will go trough the hole than reflect the image in the dark room wall but the image is upside down. This way make the result of the North Renaissance paint was looked like a photograph.
Despite of the key point in photography had been found out the there was no big discovered in that following years after it. It make sense since the development of knowledge had been banded by church and the scientist only able to do their experiment secretly because if they were found out they will have a problem like what happen to the Galileo. A part from that, the society had no interest to take their self portrait, only rich people will interest in it and a rich people able to buy a paint from a great painter so what the point of photography.
In other hand, after the science revolution the development of photography comes up to the surface. Joseph Nicephore Niepce in 1827 developed the camera obscura as a result, he was able to discovered lenses and able to draw the image used a light and it take eight hours long. However, the photography not yet being realization, it was due to the difficulty to fix the image permanently because after the image has appeared it will disappear. Twelve years later, Louis Daguerre able to handle this problem and name the solution with the daguerreotype.
The next years after that, the society have an eye to photography and this fact make the development of photography faster than before. Nowadays, photography no longer a new thing for human being, it more like a part of human life and some people think photography as their hobby.
Reference:

1=Cotter, Holland, “A Gathering of Women With Cameras”, published: May 27, 2010, accessed November, 17th ,2013, http://www.nytimes.com/2010/05/28/arts/design/28women.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0
2= Rodrigo,”Photography”, USBI, Jakarta, November 14th 2013.
“The History of Photography”, accessed November, 16th ,2013 ,http://fi.edu/pieces/watson/hist.htm.
Bellis, Mary, “History of Photography and the Camera”, accessed November, 16th ,2013, http://inventors.about.com/od/pstartinventions/a/stilphotography.htm.
Hart, Michael H, “Seratus Tokoh yang Paling Berpengaruh dalam Sejarah”, accessed November, 16th ,2013, http://media.isnet.org/iptek/100/Galileo.html.

Irises in the Claude Monet’s Garden

This astonish paint is one of the famous paint that represent modern art era which was occur around 19th century. ‘Irises in the Claude Monet’s Garden’ or known with other name which are ‘Iris Bed in Monet’s Garden’ and ‘The Artist’s Garden at Giverny’. Claude Monet is a French painter who made this beautiful paint so from here people can tell that he created this paint to tell other people about his garden in Giverny.
The ‘Irises in the Claude Monet’s Garden’ finished around 1990. He used oil on the canvas as medium and the paint’s size is 81 cm x 92 cm, a normal size for landscape. Claude Monet’s style for this paint ‘Irises in the Claude Monet’s Garden’ was impressionist style. This art style was booming in French in the late 19th century and around 20th century. Impressionist present the general impression that people get from a scene or object, it also use original primary colour and small strokes for giving effect that seem like reflected light(1).
The artist himself thinks that his garden is the best art he ever make among the other his artwork, he said that his garden is his most beautiful masterpiece(2). It give other people clue why he paint his garden so enthusiastic, since ‘Irises in the Claude Monet’s Garden’ is one of the series from the paint of Claude Monet’s garden we can grip what his garden seem like. People can see that in this paint almost the garden full of flower, more specific is irises flowers. The common irises has three colours which are dark blue or almost to the purple, yellow and very small amount of white; since this paint use impressionist style so the detail about yellow and white do not show up, from general human view the colour of irises will be dark blue or purple.
Actually before Claude Monet lived in Giverny estate, the garden already existed but since he love blue and purple, so he redesign the garden with mostly full of irises. An iris is flower that has deep meaning in it. In the history of Greek, the iris goddess is the link between earth and heaven so if someone died than people put irises flower in their grief so that the iris goddess may guide them to go to heaven. However in the middle age, irises used as a holder of French monarchy and then iris became the national sign of France(3). The colour itself has it own meaning, when purple or dark blue stand for loyalty, the meaning of yellow is passion and white stand for sincerely, thus iris itself stands as the fortune for believers(4).
Moreover, since Claude Monet was artist that came from France, his favourite colour are blue and purple and then the iris flower has important role in France; from here the reason why Claude Monet plant this flower in his garden may have deeper meaning, not only because of it beauty and its colour but also his nationality toward his country.
Reference:
1= Pioch, Nicolas “impressionism” June 19th, 2006, accessed November 10th 2013, http://www.ibiblio.org/wm/paint/glo/impressionism/
2= “The History of Gardens in Painting: Monet’s Garden at Giverny” April 12th, 2013,accessed November 10th 2013, http://www.abbeville.com/blog/?p=919
3=Green,Samantha “History and Meaning of Iris” August 24th, 2012, accessed November 10th 2013,http://www.proflowers.com/guide/history-and-meaning-of-iris
4=Kaneko,Shingo “Spiral:The Bonds of Reasoning” October 1st 2002, accessed 2012
Mancoff,Debra N,”Claude Monet Giverny Paintings”, accessed November 10th 2013,http://entertainment.howstuffworks.com/arts/artwork/claude-monet-giverny-paintings1.htm

LOVE

This famous word art was made by Robert Indiana in 1966 and “LOVE” word art is one of unique art in that time. It was made when pop art were booming in the society as prove that art is belong to every single person in the world regardless their social hierarchy. This word art have been made to be sculpture, poster, and paint, nowadays people can see the mass production of this piece of world almost in everywhere even in the middle of the city in America.
The four character in this font steal our point of view in the ‘O’ character which is not straight stand up like the other character, it seem like a half lay down. The ‘O’ character tell to people that even this adorable word that people like to declared is not perfect in every subject. This word art hold special meaning for Robert Indiana, since from all of his artwork this “love” painting is the only artwork that is not include Robert Indiana’s autobiography not even the story of his life, his history, his geography or his friend1. However these paintings hold Robert Indiana’s hope for his life or even largest for this whole world because every people in every place have a right to be happy and deserve to be bless of love.
Moreover, this “love” paint was made in 1966 which was around the historical world time event that able to shake this entirely universe. This “Love” artwork was published around cold war that splits this world became two parts, one side was Uni-Soviet aliens and other side was America right hand. The word “Love” that represent happiness, peace and togetherness became the antiwar sign in that time. Robert Indiana even his self aware of it, and he said that he was sure that President Bush would not like to watch his artwork being place in the white house (which is people know that white house is the domicile of American’s President)2.
Furthermore, in this modern and develop era which is the society have grow up in the freedom will perspective and human right is highly being considered. The perspective about this word art “Love” has another view that even the painter his self never thought it will hold this sign for the new society. The direction of the character “O” that previously seem like every thing is not perfect but some of people right now take different point of view about this antiwar sign, this “O” character represent the gander and direction of the erection which is right being acknowledge as gay signal. Since the freedom for homosexual is being a big question for some of the country this word art “Love” right now boom again for different reason but the same primary meaning which is hope for happiness.
In the end, every people have their freedom to view the artwork. The develop of the meaning of some of artwork show that society have been develop itself and come up with a lot different point of view. This pop art work that being mass production is became the historical recorder about human interpretation.

Reference:
2005. “LOVE MACHINE ROBERT INDIANA.” New York 38, no. 32: 78. Academic Search Complete, EBSCOhost(accessed November 6, 2013).
Kennedy, Scan. 2004. “Putting his stamp on love.” Advocate no. 917: 181-182. Academic Search Complete, EBSCOhost (accessed November 6, 2013).
2013. “Indiana, Robert.” Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6Th Edition 1. Academic Search Complete, EBSCOhost(accessed November 6, 2013).
Leffler, Melvyn P. 2013. “Defense on a Diet.” Foreign Affairs 92, no. 6: 65-76. Academic Search Complete, EBSCOhost(accessed November 6, 2013).
2005. “LOVE.” Interior Design 76, no. 15: 87. Academic Search Complete, EBSCOhost (accessed November 6, 2013)
foot note:
1=2005. “LOVE MACHINE ROBERT INDIANA.” New York 38, no. 32: 78. Academic Search Complete, EBSCOhost(accessed November 6, 2013).
2=Kennedy, Scan. 2004. “Putting his stamp on love.” Advocate no. 917: 181-182. Academic Search Complete, EBSCOhost (accessed November 6, 2013).

Ecstasy of Saint Teresa

One of the famous sculpture made by Bernini was Ecstasy of Saint Teresa, it was made on 1647–1652 use white marble as the media and now being placed in Rome’s Santa Maria della Vittoria. This sculpture well known especially because of its beauty, dramatic and have solid religious theme in it; the artist his self is Gian Lorenzo Bernini the last prodigy in Baroque artwork.

“Bernini is the last of the dazzling universal geniuses. He is a prodigy, his first works date from his eighth birthday”¹

Like another Baroque artwork it has the same style, such as the most obvious character is the dramatic scene, Bernini captures the moment when the angel faces Saint Teresa and try to kill her with golden arrow which aim to Saint Teresa’s centre body. Seeing the expression in Saint Teresa face is definitely show us what she feel, the great pain that she endure show by her open mount and her plaintive body movement despite that, she close her eyes tell us that she ready and willingly accept her fated. Moreover, the angel gives calm and beautiful emotion with his smile. Even thought, he will put the end of human life Saint Teresa, who was religious person in Christian. The angel do not show unnecessary emotion, he still look elegant, high and proudly. The golden light gives stronger image in the luxury of this moment.

Furthermore, the clouds that hanging around the angel and Saint Teresa seem so light and able to float which is made by white marble that should be weight enough but the foldaway cloth and the cloud perfectly look so fine and the way it should be. By the appearing of the cloud it make people who see it determine that the angel go down from the heaven to meet the Saint Teresa but they do not meet in earth more than the angle take up St Teresa to the sky.

Somehow people may feel see the religious theatre; it is not completely wrong since Bernini set it that way. Ecstasy of Saint Teresa is place in the centre of the altar with the audience who is sculpting in the wall watch them carefully like in the theatre. The people in the wall are not commonly people in that time, some of them are cardinal, and Federico Cornaro. Then the sculpture of St Teresa and the angel look like being look out in beautiful prison that outsider can see them well.

Not like some other Bernini’s artwork which is taken from religious bible book this sculpture Ecstasy of Saint Teresa is made based on the story that the Saint Teresa said, she said that angel came to meet her with human boy body who step golden spear in to her for several times. Actually she only gets spiritual pain but until some of point it affect to physical body as well. In other hand the reason she fell happy because she able to fell God’s love.

“The pain was so severe that it made me utter several moans. The sweetness caused by this intense pain is so extreme that one cannot possibly wish it to cease, nor is one’s soul then content with anything but God.” (The Life of Saint Teresa of Ávila by herself, Chapter 29).²

Reference:

http://loki.stockton.edu/~fergusoc/lesson7/lect7.htm

http://www.stmarys-ca.edu/the-ecstasy-of-saint-teresa

http://smarthistory.khanacademy.org/bernini-ecstasy-of-st.-theresa.html

http://www.learner.org/courses/globalart/work/98/

http://sexualityinart.wordpress.com/2009/08/28/berninis-portrayal-of-the-ecstasy-of-saint-theresa/

Reference for pictures:

http://indianapublicmedia.org/harmonia/harmonia-time-capsule-1652-rome/

Cardinal Seán celebrates Mass in his Titular Church

Footnote:

1=http://loki.stockton.edu/~fergusoc/lesson7/lect7.htm

2= http://www.learner.org/courses/globalart/work/98/